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The people of the Kingdom of Gurma consist of natives and inhabitants from different backgrounds. The establishment of these populations was completed in several stages. First came the Gurmanse people, who lived in the northeast of Dima, called the indigenous people; then came the Zaothe people, who settled in the west and southeast between the new and old immigrants. The Moyenga people belong to the oldest ethnic groups in the region. In our column, we will trace the traces of this population through the thesis of Dr. Salifo Idani.
The tradition holders of the Zaoga Nation agree that the Moyanga people are one of the oldest inhabitants of western Gurmu. They also acknowledge the Bisa Nation as their region of origin. The tradition holders tell several origin stories. For Yamdaogo Loari, “The Midelga people came from Tenkodogo, precisely from a village called Lorgo. Before the arrival of the Europeans, there were frequent wars between different villages. Many people were dying. That’s why the ancestors of the Midelga people left the area and settled in peaceful places.”
“Originally, we are Boussances. Our ancestors left Busandogu and came to Komboari before returning to the Jabo area,” said Naba Yendie. “The Zaosai are mainly from Garango and Loanga, a village near Tenkodogo. They were fleeing from the enemies they were fighting. They came to the Jabo area to escape death and then dispersed to different locations known today,” said Namoano Lardia.
Analyzing the versions collected, we can conclude that the Moyenga came from the Bissa country. The regions of Tenkodogo and Garango were the departure points of the migrations. The root cause of their departure seems to be a sense of insecurity. In fact, before the arrival of the colonists, the Bissa people were victims of raids and pillage by organized armed peoples, especially moose. Therefore, they left this area in groups or clans, migrating eastwards. According to some sources, these people made several stopovers or stays, especially in Kombuari, in Diema, Jakpangu. On this issue, we can quote Yougbaré Oumarou, who declares: “From the Bissa country they went to Gulma, where their passage is proven to reach Kumbuari, east of Fada N’Gourma Nungudu”. Kumbuari seems to have been a focal point for their dispersal, as Yougbaré Oumarou adds: “The establishment of Moyenga took place in several waves. Some went from Kumbuari (present-day Gourma) to Piinatianga (present-day Piinabotto, now abandoned). There they established a chiefdom. Others may have taken root in the Taiidi jungle before occupying Lorgo.”
According to sources, it was in Lorgo that the Pisans, who came from the Tenkodogo and Garango regions, changed their name to Moyanga. According to Kiema Dobila, this surname is an abbreviation of “môn yaàg ke kaàbgo”, which means “when you cook outside, you no longer need to invite people to eat”. He said: “The ancestors of the Midelga people were great hunters and generous. For good reason, when they were drying the meat and someone arrived, they told them to eat as much as they wanted; because when you cook in the open air, it goes without saying that you no longer need to invite people to eat.”
Regarding chronology, the work carried out by Lahuecb and Marchal Oumarou Yougbaré shows that we can “estimate the arrival of the Bisan population in the southern Zoaga region between the late 16th and early 17th centuries. As evidence we need the chronology given by Lahuecb. P. and related to the creation of the chiefdom of Legó, and therefore the departure of the Bisanos for the Zoaga country (late 16th century). These dates are confirmed, with the Zoaga country already being inhabited during the creation of the Koupela chiefdom (1540-1570). Naba Kurita, the founder of Koupela, or one of his descendants, could have requested the help of the Zaose people to fight against the Gulmancema in search of slaves and the Yaméogo.
Chronology is the Achilles heel of oral tradition, and we can take it with a grain of salt while still hoping that researchers, especially archaeologists, will find more reliable benchmarks. The Zaose people are known for their bravery and tenacity. It is possible then that they were called upon to save the troubled sovereign. The original stories suggest that the name of the village of Moyanga in the Zoaga region, “Lorgo”, was given in honor of Bisano. Moreover, in terms of their migration, the prevailing insecurity in the region could have prompted the intervention of certain groups skilled in handling weapons. Other migratory movements from Gurmu, Yanga and Mugo also inhabited the area.
Reference: Salifou Idani, PhD thesis, P114
Windekuni Bertrand Ouedraogo
Lefaso.net
Photo credit: Burkina Archives
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