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Today is Thursday, August 1, the 213th day of 2024. There are 152 days left until the end of the year.
10 BC – Claudius I Tiberius Drusus, Roman emperor and historian, is born. He reigns for 41 years but fails to quell civil unrest and conquers the British Isles in 43. In 54 AD, he dies from poisonous mushrooms planted by his fourth wife, Julia Agrippina the Younger, who aims to place her son from a previous marriage, Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Nero, on the throne.
1714 – Death of Queen Anne of England, the last of the Stuart dynasty, whose reign saw the unification of England and Scotland in 1707. Her reign, which began in 1702, was marked by intense competition between the Whigs and Tories and increased uncertainty about the succession to the throne.
1779 – Francis Scott Key, an American lawyer and writer who wrote the lyrics to the United States national anthem “The Star-Spangled Banner”, was born.
1798 – At the Battle of Aboukir near Alexandria, a British fleet under Admiral Horace Nelson destroyed a French fleet under Admiral François Paul Briès de Galliy. The battle solidified British supremacy in the Mediterranean.
1810 – Count Camillo Benso Cavour, an Italian politician responsible for the liberation of Italy from Austria and its unification under the House of Savoy, is born. In 1859, he allied with French Emperor Louis Charles Napoleon III Bonaparte to fight against Austria, which lost Lombardy as a defeated power. At the same time, he aided Italian patriots in central Italy and Giuseppe Garibaldi’s actions in southern Italy, facilitating the annexation of those parts of the country, except the Papal States, to the Kingdom of Italy.
1813 – The first issue of the first daily Serbian newspaper, “The Imperial City Serbian Newspaper of Vienna”, was published. They came out every day, except Sundays and holidays. The founders of “Novina” were medical students Dimitrije Davidović and Dimitrije Frušić, former students of Karlovac High School. Vuk Stefanović Karadžić’s treatise, which pioneered modern Serbian literary criticism, was published until 1822, when it was discontinued due to problems with the printing press.
1819–American writer Herman Melville was born. He wrote the novel “Moby Dick”, which sharply criticized the selfishness and commercialization of American society. He skillfully used symbols and allegories in his novels. Other works: “Tajpi”, “Omu”, “Bili Bad”.
1834 – Slavery is outlawed throughout the British Empire and more than 770,000 slaves in British colonies are freed.
1859 – Aranđelovac was renamed to its current name. Varošica, about 80 km from Belgrade, is famous for its Bukovička thermal springs and mineral waters and was founded by Serbian prince Miloš Obrenović, who in 1837 ordered the elders of the Jasenič region in Topola to move the villages of Vrbica and Orašac to Belgrade. By settling farmers, craftsmen and merchants from neighboring villages, a bazaar was established, and later the county government was moved there as well.
1860 – Montenegrin Prince Danilo Petrović died as a result of personal revenge, having been severely wounded by a pistol bullet from the settler Todor Kadić in Kotor one day earlier. He was the first secular ruler of Montenegro, and Petar Druj Petrović Enjegoš named him as his successor in his will. On May 1, 1858, he led the Montenegrins to a crushing defeat of the Turkish army at the Battle of Grahova. In 1860, he formally demarcated the border with Turkey with the support of France, indirectly recognizing Montenegro. During his reign in 1852, Montenegro won the status of a hereditary principality of the Great Powers. He wholeheartedly helped the uprising of the Serbs in Herzegovina against the Turks.
1894 – Japan declared war on China over the Korean Peninsula dispute.
1910 – Bojan Stupica, a theatre and film director, set designer and actor of Slovenian origin, was born, whose directing was characterized by rich spirit and imagination, bold expression and unique creativity. He worked in several theatres, the longest of which was the Belgrade Theatre (Jugoslovensko dramsko pozorište, Atelje 212, Narodno pozorište), and made a significant contribution to the development of theatre art. Directing: Theatre productions – “Dundo Maroje”, “Leda”, “Suffering”, “Aretej”, “Caucasian Chalk Circle”, “Fisher’s Quarrel”, “Bloody Wedding”, “The Three Grosh Opera”, “The Idiot”, “A Visit from the Old Woman”, “Saint John”, “Gloria”, “Madame Saint Jean”, “Death of Danton”, “The Egg”, “Epiphany Night”, “The Brothers Karamazov”, Films – “Gentlemen of Jara”, “In the Network”.
1924 – Football club “Obilić” was founded in Belgrade.
1933- The Aero Club of Serbia, founded in 1921, was rebuilt and renamed “Naša krila”.
1936 – The 11th Olympic Games opened in Berlin.
1914 – World War I. After the Austro-Hungarian Empire attacked Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia, France announced a general mobilization, Germany allied with Turkey, and Italy declared neutrality and withdrew from the Allied Treaty.
1944 – During World War II, Poles launched a two-month uprising in Warsaw against German occupation forces.
1955 – The Serbian writer Stanislav Vinaver, one of the most important and diverse creators of modern Serbian literature, died. He studied mathematics and music in Paris, and between the two world wars he worked as a journalist. He fought in the First World War as a volunteer, spent the country’s occupation as a German prisoner of war during the Second World War, and from 1945 he worked as a professional writer and translator in Belgrade. With a restless, curious, energetic spirit and musical talent, he was one of the protagonists of modern Serbian literature after the First World War, a researcher and creator of freer poetic expression and literary language. Works: poetry collections “Mjeća”, “Varoš zlih volšebnika”, “Guardians of the World”, “European Nights”, “Pantology of the New Serbian Perenjiri”, “Latest Pantology of Serbian and Yugoslav Perenjiri”, essays “The Story of Lost Balance”, “Years of Humiliation and Struggle, Life of the German ‘Ovrazim'”, “War Comrades”, “Šabac and Its Traditions”, essays “Goč gori, a Yugoslav Symphony”, “Framework of Life”, “Our Everyday Language”, “Nadgramatika”, “Passionate and Rebellious Laza Kostić”, “Momčilo Nastasijević”, “Lightning Rod of the Universe”, “Boiling Germany”.
1958 – King Hussein dissolves Jordan’s federation with Iraq.
1966 – General Yakubu Gowon comes to power following a military coup in Nigeria.
1973 – Walter Ulbricht, a German politician who fled Germany before the Nazis but returned after World War II and became first secretary of the ruling German Unity Workers’ Party (JSPN) in the newly formed country of East Germany in 1950, dies. He served as chairman of the East German State Council from 1960 to 1971.
1975 – The Soviet Union and Western countries signed the final human rights bill at the Helsinki Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
1981 – American music channel – MTV – begins operations.
1993 – Muslims carry out a massacre in the Croatian village of Doljani, killing more than 50 civilians. This was one of a series of crimes committed during the 1993 and 1994 war between Croats and Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1994 – German President Roman Herzog expresses regret for Poland’s suffering during World War II.
1997 – Death of Russian pianist Sviatoslav Teofilovich Richter, one of the most important pianists of the 20th century. He delighted concertgoers around the world with his original interpretations of works from different eras, interpreting them with perfect technique.
2000 – Kashmiri extremists carry out seven attacks, killing about 90 people and injuring a dozen. Most of the victims are Hindu pilgrims.
2006 – Cuban President Fidel Castro temporarily handed over power to his brother Raul due to illness. Raul Castro was officially elected head of state on February 24, 2008. Fidel Castro has been the head of state of Cuba since the 1959 revolution.
2008 – German doctors successfully transplanted both hands of a 54-year-old man – the first operation of its kind in the world.
2014 – The Council of Europe Convention on Violence against Women enters into force.
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