The Ancestral Emperor on the Yellow River – Macau Today

One of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and its tributaries. Its fertile valleys were chosen for their rich food and animals, and were an excellent place for the rapid settlement of peasant families and the settlement of hunters and fishermen, becoming densely populated. The two banks gave birth to the Peiligang culture and the Yangshao culture. [na parte Leste do curso médio do Huanghe e vale do rio Wei, a produzir potes de argila pintados com figuras geométricas] Longshan Culture in the Lower Yellow River Region of Shandong [onde se plantava já arroz, milho miúdo e talvez trigo, sendo os potes pretos levantados em roda de oleiro] Two thousand years later, the Dawenkou culture (4300-2500 BC).

The Fifth Ancestor Wudi basically traveled around the vast areas of North China and Central China in the Yellow River region, expanding territory and building capitals, some of which even extended to the Yangtze River region, showing a terrifying mobility.

Huangdi (黄帝, 2550-2450 BC/2704-2595 BC), the first of the Five Ancestor Emperors, was born in Xuanyuan Mountain (now part of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province) with the surname Ji. The name of his tribe, also known as Xuanyuan. Before becoming Huangdi, this tribe was a matriarchal clan called Tianyuan, still nomadic around Zhuo County, Hebei Province.

As the leader of the Ji clan, he also established his capitals in Fanshan, Zhuolu County in Hebei Province, and Banquan in the southeast, and the Ji clan defeated the Jiang clan. [provenientes do rio Wei e cujos ancestrais eram Yandi e Fuxi] The two tribes united; at the time, it was common for tribes to fight each other for land, livestock, and slaves. Huangdi united some of the tribes in northern and central China to form the Huaxia nation, which is today’s Han ethnic group. Huangdi had more than a hundred children. With his extensive experience from frequent travels, he sponsored many inventions that made daily life easier.

On Jingshan Mountain in Lingbao County, Henan Province today, Huangdi left the earth and was taken away by a dragon. He was buried in Qiaoshan Mountain, commonly known as “Qiaoshan”, but his tomb has also been found in Gansu, Hebei, Henan and other places. However, the place where Huangdi is officially worshipped during the Qingming Festival is on Qiaoshan Mountain in Huangling (Yanna County, Shaanxi Province).

The Luo River (Luohe River) flows from the north, flows into the Wei River, and soon flows into the Yellow River.
Huangdi’s grandson Zhuanxu (2450-2372 BC), courtesy name Gaoyang, was the son of Changyi. His grandfather appointed him as the second emperor. He reigned for 78 years, initially establishing his capital at Fanshan (Zhuolu County, Hebei), and later moving it to Shangqiu, Henan. From there, he headed north, passing through the capital, and arrived at Diqiu. [hoje na área de Puyang] In Henan, bordering Anyang, north of the Yellow River.

Zhuanxu appointed his two grandsons as officials to manage the local areas: Zhong was responsible for official posts and offering sacrifices to heaven, and Li was responsible for administrative orders on earth. This led to more and more tribes uniting with the Huaxia people and forming a unified country. Zhuanxu was 98 years old when he died, and his mausoleum is located in Liangzhuang, 30 kilometers south of the capital of Neihuang District, Henan Province, and one and a half kilometers away from the mausoleum of Diku (his cousin) in Anyang-Puyang. The 18th day of the third lunar month is the Zhuanxu Festival.

Emperor Ku (Emperor Ku, 2372-2297 BC), courtesy name Gaoxin, was the great-grandson of Emperor Huang and the son of Zhuanxu’s cousin Ku. He was the third emperor among the Five Ancestors of China, reigned for 75 years, and established his capital in Shangqiu. The tombs of the two are located in the same place, near Liangzhuang Sanyangzhuang Village, and the Emperor’s Treasury is celebrated on the 14th day of the fourth lunar month every year.

Sucedeu-lhe Yao de Tang (Emperor Yao, 1179-1061 or 2297-2179, Tang Yao), the emperor of Diku, whose name was Fangxun and whose name was Qi in Taotang, was also the founder of Yi Fangxun and Yi Qi [Guoyou em Jiangsu, ou Tianchuang em Anhui]At the age of twenty, he became the fourth Zu emperor, and the first record of an institution governing the territory comes from his reign. In the seventieth year of his reign, Yao passed the throne to Shun, to whom he passed it when he realized that he had no virtuous descendants despite having nine children. It continued to exist for another 28 years and is credited with the invention of the game of Go.

Its territory extended from the Yellow River to the Yangtze River. The Tang Dynasty later conquered Taosi. [Xiangfen sob jurisdição da prefeitura de Linfen, em Shanxi, onde se desenvolvera a última fase da cultura Longshan (2300-1900 a.n.E.)] There he established his capital at Linfen, located in southwestern Shanxi, along the Fen River bordering Shaanxi, near the eastern bend of the Yellow River. Yao died at the age of 118, and his mausoleum is located in the capital Linfen, celebrated on Qingming Festival (April 3-5). Yao was the founder of the Han Dynasty, and Liu Bang was said to be a descendant of the Yellow Emperor.

Controlling floods

During the reign of Emperor Yao, society was in chaos and floods were severe, which the emperor personally reported and recorded in the Book of Documents. Emperor Yao ordered Xihe to make astronomical observations and then formulate a calendar; Qi, the master of agriculture, taught people how to grow grains; during the reign of Emperor Shun, Gun (a descendant of Emperor Huang, the Chong King) tried to control floods for nine years without success, so Emperor Yao arrested him and he died in Yushan.

Emperor Yao met Shun when he was 20 years old, appointed him Shangshu and Siyuezhu, and gave him four years to govern the country. After three years, Shun completed all the work ordered by Yao, and as a recognition of Shun, Yao chose him as his successor because he was an upright and intelligent person. When Shun was 30 years old, Yao married him two daughters, Nuying and Ehuang, and after ruling for 70 years, he passed the leadership to Shun. He ascended the throne at the age of 53 and established his capital in Yuncheng, Yongji County. [conhecido nos antigos livros por Puban] In Shanxi Province.

The fifth emperor, Yu Shun (2255-2207 BC), ruled from the west of Lu to the border of Shaanxi. His father, Gusou, claimed to be a descendant of Zhuanxu, but the emperor passed the throne to his favorite second-married son, Diku. Shun was diligent, modest, and affectionate. When he was young, he had a stepmother who helped him with his sister Lady Keshou to save him from the wrath of his blind father Mao and his younger brother Xiang, who had a bad temper and was often scheming. Out of jealousy of him, he wanted to kill him to replace him. However, he never achieved his goal, and Shun always forgave him. During his reign [que segundo Sima Qian durou 39 anos] He lived in a simple house and enjoyed a happy marriage with the two daughters of Yao. During his reign, in addition to investing in education, music and etiquette, maxims on human behavior were spread to the people and later adopted by Confucius.

Shundi traveled constantly, sometimes on tours, sometimes to resolve problems with the Huaxia people and other tribes, or to conquer more territory in increasingly remote areas. When Shundi died at the age of 92, the people and tribes lived in peace and harmony. He toured the south to Cangwu and was posthumously named Emperor Shun of Yu. Every year on the eighth day of the ninth lunar month, people celebrate this day at the temple cemetery in Jiuyi Mountain (also known as Cangwu Mountain) in the south of Ningyuan County, Hunan Province, where the Xiang River flows. [o rio principal do lago Dongting, e daí a ligação ao Yangzi].

During the reign of Emperor Yao, Gun was dismissed for his inability to prevent floods, and Yu, who held the same position as his father, was asked to take Gun’s place. Yu also served Emperor Shun and was known for building canals, widening riverbeds, and diverting water to the sea to control floods.

Because of Dayu’s wisdom, Emperor Shun made him king at the age of 83. Dayu ruled for 45 years and established China’s first Xia Dynasty (2070-1600 BC).Before Dayu, chiefs were selected based on their knowledge and problem-solving abilities.