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“Nuclear medicine” in Iran was established in 1339 by measuring radioactive iodine in urine. To continue expanding the field of nuclear medicine, the Tehran University of Medical Sciences was born with the approval of this specialty area and the acceptance of assistants in the early 1360s. This expansion was accelerated in the early 1370s when the Nuclear Medicine Department was equipped with a gamma camera device with SPECT imaging capabilities.
According to Isna, the development of this field has prepared a sufficient number of specialized human resources for various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the field of nuclear medicine, as Shahid Beheshti University of Mashhad and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran accept assistants.
Iran ranks third in the world in nuclear medicine
The head of the Atomic Energy Organization, Mohammad Islami, announced the achievements of nuclear medicine in our country on the “National Nuclear Technology Day” this year (1403) and said: “In medicine and radiopharmaceuticals, we recorded 15 new achievements, which can be said to be the third organization in the world. “Our radiopharmaceuticals are therapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer tumors, including prostate.”
He stressed: Last year (1402), we opened the first wound clinic and launched cold plasma activities in three hospitals in Tehran, we can help any treatment unit they want, we can support up to 50 centers.
Speaking about the launch of the plasma jet system for treating wounds, Islami reminded: “This case was unveiled in 1402, and now it has entered the clinical stage in the operating room. We can expand it to help treat various diseases across the country.”
Triple Applications of Nuclear Medicine
Diagnosis of various special diseases and cancer; Positron emission tomography (PET) is an example of a nuclear medicine method used to diagnose disease. In this type of scan, a radioactive substance enters the bloodstream and travels to the desired organ. Doctors then use a special camera to watch how the probe moves and take pictures of the specific organ they made.
Radiation Therapy; The second most effective and perhaps the most attractive application of nuclear technology in medicine is stage therapy, where radioactive isotopes can be used to treat certain types of cancer or thyroid disease. Of course, there are two ways to treat with nuclear technology. The first method is to irradiate the site from outside the body.
In the second method, radioactive drugs are used to generate or implant radiation in the body. In this method, called “brachytherapy,” the radiation source is implanted into the tumor and cancerous area, and the radioactive material destroys the cancer cells and tumors. The production of coagulation powder using this technology is also one of the important products. It is about to be exported to officials of the Nuclear Energy Organization.
Radiation sterilization; The third application of nuclear technology is the sterilization of medical devices, in the discussion of irradiation sterilization, the microorganisms or small bacteria on the medical devices are destroyed to disinfect and sterilize them in the best possible way.
85% of cancers are diagnosed using radiopharmaceuticals
“Ali Samani” Deputy Director for Research and Technology, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Organization، Khordad 1402 mentioned the production of radiopharmaceuticals, adding: “One of the radiopharmaceuticals produced in the country is Technicium 99M, which is used to diagnose 85% of cancer diseases and about 1 million people in our country use it every year.” The production of this radiopharmaceutical is carried out through another radioactive isotope called “Molybdenum 99”, which is considered the mother of “Technicium 99” in the nuclear industry.
He added: In the field of stable isotopes, some radioactive drugs are used before they are converted into drugs, and iodine 131 is one of them. This radioactive drug is used in my country to treat thyroid cancer. The production of this radioactive drug requires tellurium 130, which was previously imported from abroad, but with the overflow of domestic enrichment, we are able to manufacture this drug.
Developing radiopharmaceuticals to deliver rapid treatments at minimal cost and harm
“In the past, radiopharmaceuticals were of this type, where they irradiated tumors by introducing a radioisotope that itself produced radiation, riding on a molecule, or some element that accumulated somewhere in the body. There, but with the new radiopharmaceutical, they ride on a protein molecule that cancer cells have the ability to absorb, and using this property, the radiopharmaceutical is sent to where the cancer cells are, while other healthy tissues of the body are less exposed to radiation,” said Sidamir Hossein Fakhi, Director of the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology of the Atomic Energy Organization, during the unveiling of the three radiopharmaceuticals at the 24th Exhibition of Technological Achievements in Research, Technology and the Market.
Atom-targeted plasma therapy for wound and cancer treatment
In March 1402, Mohammad Eslami, head of the Atomic Energy Organization, said about the achievements of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran in the field of treating wounds using plasma technology: “We have started and are considering plasma treatment, especially for malignant wounds. By the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, we will set up 50 wound treatment centers and clinics. Currently, two centers have been opened in Varamin and Karaj.
Regarding the use of plasma to treat cancer, he said: “The second part of the plasma therapy project is for the treatment of cancer and this technology is now being used at the Cancer Research Centre of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The clinical results using the plasma technology are very good and we have already discussed with the Ministry of Health so that we can make this move easier so that affected patients can use this technology as easily as possible.”
95% of skin cancers are treated without radiation
Majid Esadi, head of the Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center at Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, announced the country’s first non-invasive treatment of skin cancer using radioactive rhenium particles at the Bushehr Nuclear Medicine Research Center, saying: “In cooperation with dermatologists at the Bushehr Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Pars Isotopes, a company that prepares radiopharmaceuticals, launched a new treatment for patients with non-melanoma skin cancer (Non-Melanoma) for the first time in the country, for patients with basal cell carcinoma, last July.
He believes the treatment has a 95% success rate, adding: “The treatment, called “rhenium-SCT”, is usually a single treatment process, where doctors apply a paste to the skin lesions for a few minutes, up to three hours, and then remove it. “Afterwards, there is no radiation, and such a short time is enough to destroy the cancer cells.”
The role of nuclear medicine in identifying heart and brain diseases
The President of the Nuclear Medicine Scientific Association “Mohsen Saghri” announced: Nuclear medicine in adult heart disease, imaging of blood flow and cardiac function, myocardial perfusion scans, diagnosis of coronary artery disease and degree of coronary artery stenosis, evaluation of heart damage, heart bypass surgery and angioplasty, restoration of blood flow and diagnosis of heart transplant rejection, scanning of the lungs for breathing and blood flow problems, diagnosis of lung transplant rejection, evaluation of bones for fractures, infection and arthritis, evaluation of metastatic bone disease, painful artificial joints and bone tumors.
In addition, it can detect brain abnormalities in patients with specific symptoms or diseases such as epilepsy, memory loss and suspected blood flow disorders, diagnose neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease at an early stage, detect abnormalities in brain chemicals that control movement in patients with suspected Parkinson’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. It can measure movement disorders and brain tumor recurrence, identify gallbladder inflammation or abnormal function, and measure thyroid function and diagnose hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
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