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Guinea’s National Transition Council (CNT) published the first draft of a new constitution on July 29, 2024. The document, which contains more than 200 articles, provides for major reforms, including limiting the president to two terms and establishing a bicameral parliament.
Among key reforms, the new constitution introduced a parliament consisting of a parliament and a senate, strengthened judicial independence and allowed independent candidates. Other measures included free education until 16 and compulsory military service until 18. The president of the republic serves a five-year term, renewable once, aimed at limiting the concentration of executive power.
Guinea has been ruled by a military junta led by Mamady Doumbouya since a coup d’état that overthrew former President Alpha Condé in September 2021. The transition was originally scheduled to end in December 2024, but may be extended until 2025 due to economic challenges and delays in the electoral and administrative processes.
These reforms are intended to transform political governance and increase citizen participation. However, the extended transition period and political uncertainty could delay the effective implementation of reforms necessary to stabilize the country and revitalize the economy.
Guinea faces over-dependence on mining, financial fragility and political instability, and the World Bank said uncertainty surrounding the political transition could slow key economic reforms.
Guinea’s new draft constitution marks an important step toward more inclusive and transparent governance. However, the success of this transformation will depend on the government’s ability to overcome current economic and political challenges.
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