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One of the issues that has attracted attention in the labor market in recent years is the presence and relevance of unpaid work among Colombians, because although some still use cultural arguments to justify unpaid work; new trends and new ideas that have emerged in society highlight There is a need to regulate it and consider those who do such work.
According to experts, unpaid work includes All productive activities carried out but which do not generate any income for the people performing them, typically including domestic work such as cooking, cleaning, caring for children and the elderly, and household maintenance work. These activities, while not generating direct income, are essential for the day-to-day functioning of households and society at large.
Housework.
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In Colombia, this reality is analyzed through the System of National Accounts, through which the “evolution, trends and structural transformation of the economy” are examined, providing important data for the formulation and implementation of public policies, such as mandates, etc. to receive any remuneration and how this affects the development of the economy.
Uneven panorama
To understand the extent of this problem in the country, the Anif Economic Research Center took the latest report from the Danes and crossed it with the National Time Use Survey, also from the Danes, and found that most time is now spent This work is unpaid and women are the ones most affected by this issue.
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“According to the latest information available, in 2021, women spent more than twice as much time as men on unpaid work (on average 7.7 hours per week compared to 3.1 hours for men). This allowed men to allocate more time to activities related to income generation,” they initially said.
Referring to recent data, Anif said that by 2023, Of the 38.8 million full-time equivalent jobs, 57% are held by women. However, women hold nearly 80% of unpaid domestic and care work, while men hold 62% of jobs in production sectors.
“The Danish data allow us to analyse in more detail what is involved in unpaid work, which is invisible to many but essential for the functioning of the economy, and confirms what was already observed from information from time use surveys: women and independent workers are the ones who bear the greatest burden of this type of activity,” they explain.
Considering the more than 38 million full-time jobs counted last year and the 18.3 million jobs Falling into the unpaid category, obviously, they make up about 47.2%
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“By decomposing these jobs into those on the production frontier of the SNA and unpaid domestic and care work, huge differences were found. On the one hand, more than half of jobs (53%, or 20.5 million out of 38.8 million jobs) are concentrated in the production frontier of the SNA. Within this group, men are most represented, with 62% of the total, compared to 38% for women,” they explain.
The second finding of these experts is related to the fact that: Unpaid work accounts for 43% of the work included in the analysis (more than 8 hours per day), and within this group, consistent with the results of the time use survey, women are most involved, at about 80%, compared to 21% for men.
Household chores
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“This reveals that large gender gaps remain in the labour market and in care work, which is predominantly undertaken by women. The largest share of all full-time equivalent work is unpaid work performed by women, accounting for 37.2% of the total, equivalent to 14.4 million jobs.”
The data also shows that independents are devoting more time to pro bono activities, accounting for 86% of all employees, highlighting that the flexibility of their schedules enables them to better balance these responsibilities. Even within this sector, women are still the primary people responsible for these tasks.
In simple terms, the best explanation for this difference is that men work an average of 9 paid hours and 3.1 unpaid hours, while women work an average of 7.6 paid hours and 7.7 unpaid hours; this takes time away from activities such as personal growth or recreation.
Policy urgency
Anif concluded his report by noting that these findings reinforce Progress needs to continue in balancing the gender burden of domestic and care work, taking into account that breadwinning is a task that must be performed equitably, rather than placing all responsibility on women.
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“This is even more important if we consider that there is also an imbalance in jobs within the production frontier (TSCN), with women participating at a much lower rate than men. If the burden of unpaid work were balanced, women would have more time to devote to paid work, allowing them to generate (more) income,” they conclude.
In this sense, they recall that spending a lot of time doing unpaid work can affect people’s health and well-being, as they have less time for personal, educational and recreational activities. Likewise, those who do a lot of unpaid work may be less productive. They are unable to perform paid work due to fatigue and lack of time for training and professional development.
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