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Although we have been recording high temperatures all week, meteorologists have announced that today and tomorrow (Thursday and Friday) will see the peak of the second heat wave of the year.
High temperatures can have very adverse effects on the health of perfectly healthy people.
Sensitive groups such as young children, pregnant women, people with chronic illnesses, the elderly, and people who work outdoors, especially without sun protection, are most vulnerable to the effects of high temperatures, the Institute of Health and Food Safety Zenica (INZ) noted.
According to Immigration New Zealand, whether you are at sea, on a hot bitumen road or in a closed, hot room such as a factory, you need to know the rules of self-rescue and first aid for injured persons until emergency medical services arrive. We remind you that you can call emergency medical services on 124. The main enemies of our bodies in summer are heat stroke and heat exhaustion, which have been on the rise in recent years due to climate change and global warming.
– Prolonged exposure of the head to the sun can lead to heat stroke, especially when the occipital part of the head is directly exposed to the heat and is affected by the heat of the sun. That is, our body cools down through the work of the cardiovascular system and sweating. If we recklessly expose our head to the influence of the sun, the temperature of the head will increase significantly. The body tries to cool the brain by sending more cold blood to the head. This causes the blood vessels in the brain to dilate and their volume to increase suddenly. This leads to symptoms that are very similar to concussion, but are not harmless. Dr. Elma Kuduzović, head of health promotion at Immigration New Zealand, points out that severe cases of heat stroke can lead to loss of consciousness or even coma.
Heat stroke is very similar to heat stroke, except that it does not necessarily occur due to direct exposure to the sun. It usually occurs when the humidity of the air increases during the hot summer months, because sweating and natural cooling of the body are difficult in these conditions. Heat stroke can occur in workers in bakeries or factories near blast furnaces, campers sleeping in poorly equipped tents, sailors next to overheated ship engines, overheated cars, public transport, and even apartments. In these conditions, the body’s thermoregulatory centers are disturbed and the body temperature rises continuously, reaching up to 40 degrees Celsius.
According to Immigration New Zealand, there is a difference between classic heat stroke and exertional heat stroke. The classic type takes two to three days to develop and usually occurs in people who are elderly, have limited mobility, do not have air conditioning and have limited access to fluids. Exercise-induced heat stroke occurs suddenly in healthy, active people (e.g. athletes, soldiers, factory workers) who are exposed to high temperatures. Symptoms are severe headache, dry skin, rising body temperature, dizziness and irritability, drowsiness and vomiting, tinnitus, visual disturbances and even fainting, rapid pulse and shallow and rapid breathing.
Once heat stroke and heat exhaustion occur, it is important to intervene immediately and begin cooling. Place the person in the shade or in a cool, dark room and make them comfortable. It is important to cool gradually by applying cold compresses to the back of the head and head until the temperature returns to normal.
In case of heat stroke, the body loses its ability to regulate temperature, so it can overheat or, in some cases, cool down. Therefore, in more serious cases, it is necessary to constantly measure the body temperature and, of course, cool or warm the victim accordingly. Dr. Kuduzović points out that it is very important to replace lost fluids and minerals, drink cold drinks, but avoid drinks that affect blood flow, especially coffee and alcohol.
When the body temperature does not drop despite cooling and medication, drowsiness, poor communication with the environment, or loss of consciousness, a doctor should be consulted; when a person continues to vomit and becomes increasingly weak. Then it is a very serious form of heat stroke, so a doctor’s examination is needed to determine whether it is just heat stroke or the onset of another illness (such as infection with a summer virus or bacteria).
Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and stay in the shade or in an air-conditioned room on the hottest days; Protect your head adequately by wearing a cap or wide-brimmed hat made of breathable material. Clothing must be appropriate to the climate and it is important that it is made of natural fabrics and light colors. It must be balanced, light and rich in vitamins and minerals. It is very important to replenish potassium and magnesium, which the body loses in particular along with sodium and chloride.
The institute said that the body and skin need a lot of water (at least two litres a day, about eight glasses) in summer due to the high temperatures and increased water loss due to sweating. It is recommended to drink water slowly and in small amounts and avoid alcohol, carbonated and sweetened drinks, which will only aggravate dehydration. The New Zealand Immigration Department announced that the rooms they live in must be ventilated regularly and if cooling devices are used, the temperature should not differ too much from that of the outside environment.
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