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The Yellowstone Caldera Chronicle is a weekly column written by Yellowstone Volcano Observatory scientists and collaborators. This week’s contributor is University of Oregon graduate student Margery Price.
Yellowstone’s thermal features were first scientifically described in the 1870s and have been sampled thousands of times since then. Researchers measure everything from pH to phosphates, using the data to further understand the park’s complex geology and hydrology. A recent report from the U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Compiling water chemistry data Thousands of samples collected over the past 140 yearswhich not only sheds light on the data collected, but also on Scientist’s Story Let’s take a tour of their work and explore some of Yellowstone’s most interesting geothermal features and rivers, from A (pollinaris) to Z (omar)!
A—Apollinaris Springs: Named after a famous German bottled spring, this cold water spring, located in the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, was a popular stop for travelers passing through Yellowstone National Park in the late 19th century.
B—Byryl Spring: What we are talking about today Beryl Spring (“Burl,” not “Barrel”!) Gibbon Geyser Basin has a range of names, including “Salisbury Springs,” “Gibbon Boiling Springs,” “Laundry Springs,” “Riverside Geyser,” “Carol Springs,” and “The Devil’s Washbowl.”
C—Reservoir Spring: The Reservoir Spring in Norris Geyser Basin is the most sampled site in Yellowstone National Park, with more than 180 samples collected over the past two centuries.
D—Dual lobe spring: The name was given by A.C. Peale Hayden Expeditionreferring to the twin springs in the Norris Geyser Basin in the 1870s. However, since the early 1950s, despite the “twin springs” moniker, only one has actually been active.
E-Sea Urchin Geyser: The name “Echinus” was derived from the appearance of the geyser, which the Hayden Survey described as being similar to the “Echinus” sea urchin.
F—Firehole River: Firehole, which flows into the Madison River, has one of the oldest names in the park—the name “Firehole” dates back to the 1830s!
G—Gibbon River: The Gibbon River, which also flows into the Madison River, was named after U.S. Army General John Gibbon.
H—Hillside Spring: This group of springs in the Upper Geyser Basin is one of the longest-studied in the park. Gooch and Whitfield were among the first scientists to publish data on Yellowstone’s water chemistry, having collected samples from Ashtar Spring in the Hillside Group as early as 1884!
I – Imperial Geyser: Imperial GeyserLocated in Lower Geyser Basin Acid sulfate and a Neutral chloride feature!
J—Jupiter Terrace: Located in the Mammoth Hot Springs area, Jupiter Terrace was named in 1871 by members of the first Hayden Survey for its regal appearance (said to resemble the bathing place of the gods in Roman mythology)—before Yellowstone became a national park!
K—King of Geysers: As early as the 1930s, park officials called this feature of the West Thumb Geyser Basin “King’s Geyser.” Legend has it that the name King’s Geyser came from a visit to the site by King Gustav of Sweden in 1926.
L—Duke Springs: At the height of the spa craze in the 1890s, Let Duke SpringLocated near the town of Gardiner, north of Yellowstone National Park, it is advertised as being able to treat a variety of ailments.
M—Mary Bay: Mary Bay is located on the north side of Yellowstone Lake. The world’s largest known hydrothermal explosion crater!
N—Nymph Creek: This acidic creek in the Norris-Mammoth Corridor region was named by Dr. William Domeier in the 1960s while he was studying microbial life in Yellowstone hot springs with Dr. Thomas Bullock.This work eventually earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry!
O—Ojo Caliente Spring: In Spanish, “Ojo Caliente” literally means “hot eye,” but it usually refers to a hot spring. Geologist Arnold Hague gave the name to a feature in Lower Geyser Basin around 1891, and it is thought to refer to another hot spring in New Mexico called Ojo Caliente.
P—Pork Chop Geyser: Before regulations were enacted prohibiting the naming of features after people, this site in Norris Geyser Basin was named “Dr. Morley’s Pork Chops” by Dr. Don White after Yellowstone researcher Dr. George W. Morley. 1989 outbreak.
Q—Queen’s Laundry Pool: While today the Queen’s Washroom (located in the Lower Geyser Basin) is not known for vigorous activity, in the late 19th century it behaved more like a geyser, providing many visiting groups with high-energy water to wash their clothes! The area is also The first federally constructed building for public use in a national park.
R—Roadside Steam Engine: It turns out that thermal signatures create There are many problems with the roadLocated in the West Thumb Geyser Basin, the Roadside Steamer was named in 1946 for its proximity to the area’s main road…and is now located in a different location. The Roadside Steamer isn’t “roadside” anymore!
S—Steamboat Geyser: Steamboat Geyser in Norris Geyser Basin has been particularly active since 2018. One of the ways scientists have uncovered its distant history is by studying trees, which have revealed that the geyser went through decades-long periods of inactivity in the 15th, 17th and 18th centuries.
T—Terrace Fountain: Terrace Spring in Madison Junction Thousands of years ago, when the global climate was relatively humid, travertine was deposited here.!
U—United Fountain: The Union Geyser in the Shoshone Geyser Basin was named (at least until the late 19th century) for its different eruption patterns.
V—Zhu Hongquan: There are actually multiple Vermilion Springs, one located in Porcelain Basin in Norris Geyser Basin and another located in Pelican Creek in the northern part of Yellowstone Lake.
W – Washburn Springs: The site, located on the slopes of Mount Washburn, was of little appeal to the members of the Washburn Survey, as one member described the spring as being in “the most horrible-looking spot” and conjuring up “a hellish vision”… Oops!
X—None: There are no officially named thermal features in Yellowstone that begin with X! However, in the newly released dataset, there are over 1,000 samples that do not have a properly assigned name! This does not mean that these samples are not useful. These are often measurements of unnamed springs with detailed location and chemical data, so they can still help understand broader spatial trends.
Y——Yellowstone Lake: Yellowstone Lake Extensive lake-floor hydrothermal system It is the largest freshwater high-altitude lake in North America!
Z—Zoma Springs: Believe it or not, this spring in Lower Geyser Basin isn’t the only feature in Yellowstone National Park that begins with a “Z”—there’s also Zipper Creek, Zomar Pool, and Zygomatic Arch!
Want to know how the Yellowstone thermal features got their name? Read more https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo/news/how-yellowstone-Thermal-features-get-their-names!
Acknowledgements: Much of the above information was compiled by Yellowstone National Park Historian Lee Whittlesey.
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