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Abai Kunanbaev, the greatest Kazakh poet and philosopher, continues to influence the generations of Kazakhs through his works and creativity. On the eve of Abai’s anniversary, in a commentary for the El.kz news agency, we will discuss some important facts from his biography.
Abai is a politician
Abai Kunanbaev served as a township manager several times in his life. This is described in their scientific works by professors EB Sydykov and EA Kurmanbaev.
In those days, the volost was elected by deputies for a three-year term, with one elector from each village. The area of the volost was approximately equal to the current district. Abai first became the head of the Kuchuk-Tobyktinsky volost at the age of 21. The fact is that he was an assistant to his brother Kudaiberdi, and after his sudden death he became acting manager until the next election. Abai ruled the volost for three months.
Abai, 28, helped his brother Iskak win the election to the Kyzyl-Molinsk township with his eloquence. According to rumors, he helped his brother run the township through advice. At the time, the township had all the power, including deciding land disputes and tax issues.
Abai won the election in the Konier-Kokochin Township and became a township councillor for the second time at the age of 30. However, he did not complete his three-year term. Abai’s political opponents continued to write letters of condemnation, slander and accusation. The point is that Abai used his power to stop illegal behavior – he protected the vulnerable.
In my own words, this was not lost on the imperial government, whose representatives noted in their reports that after Ibrahim (Abai’s real name. Author’s note) Kunanbayev became the township of Konil-Kokcha, the Balintah and the murders stopped there.
Finally, at the age of 48, Abai led his hometown, Genghis Khan Township. This time he led for the entire three-year term. Incidentally, Abai’s sons, Tulaguli and Magoya, would later also become township governors.
In general, the fact that Abai served as a township for a long time was not publicized during the Soviet period. This was briefly mentioned in the famous work “The Road of Abai” by Mukhtar Auezov, a classic of Kazakh literature. Apparently, he wanted to show the world the genius of Abai, so he self-censored his novels.
Abai himself was also very critical of those township officials who sought power for their own benefit. He condemned them in the following satirical poem. The following is an excerpt.
Finally, I became a townie.
All the goods were used to pay bribes;
My camel has no hump,
The horses no longer have manes.
But I run the parish
I can’t, but I seem to be enthusiastic…
If the strong summons——
I turned back to the phone;
If the weak say –
I can barely hear them, I’m so sleepy…
(Original)
I’m here,
Spent all my money.
Riding a camel, riding a horse
No longer trapped in the country.
My country is in Suze
I can’t stand it.
If my strong man speaks
I nodded.
Ignore the words of the weak,
Deprive me of my senses.
My heart says there is a line
Uncomfortable and damp.
Without revealing the secret to outsiders,
I smiled and smiled.
It is noteworthy that Abai also appeared in court as a judge. People often sought justice from him.
As we all know, Abai was the son of the great feudal lord Kunanbai. The poet’s great-grandfather was Yrgyzbay, who was a military leader and defended the land from the invasion of the Dzungars.
An interesting detail: there is a report in the archives that Abai owned a thousand horses. This is a huge fortune by today’s standards, but at the time it was a considerable fortune for such a nobleman. But of course, in the 19th century, if you didn’t have to think about how to feed yourself, you had the opportunity to create and invent.
Abai is a poet
From a poetic point of view, Abai is as important to Kazakh culture and writing as Matsuo Basho is to the Japanese, Johann Goethe to the Germans, and George Byron to the British. Abai himself saw the purpose of his poetry. He even foresaw that his poetry would immortalize him.
It enters through the ear and occupies a height
Nice songs and sweet mood.
Different thoughts come to mind.
If you like this song, you like this song.
Here is Yuri Shcherbakov’s translation of this verse
I am happy in body and soul
This song has taken over my heart!
All the same—without end or edge—
May everyone be imprisoned!
In the 19th century, classics were often translated into each other. For example, Mikhail Lermontov translated Goethe’s poem as follows:
mountain peak
They sleep in the dark night;
Quiet Valley
Full of fresh darkness;
There is no dust on the road,
The sheets don’t tremble…
Wait a mininute
You’ll also get some rest.
Lermontov has already been translated by Abai Kunanbaev, and the poem became an outstanding song. The following verses express such a genius triumvirate:
The mountains rose up in the darkness,
He wants to go away.
The fields were quietly torn apart,
Night falls.
On the dusty road,
Vibrating Diamond Leaf.
You are also very calm
Less if you are patient.
Abai Kunanbaev was an innovator of Kazakh poetry. He introduced new rhymes and rhythms into the Kazakh language. In his poetry, Abai Kunanbaev clearly showed himself to be a lyric poet, which brought him close to Byron.
Where is the particularly memorable fun?
Where is the girl I met in the valley?
I will leave behind beauty, and more of character,
Smart, noble in heart, and small in words.
(Translated by Beckett Karasin).
Where is our unforgettable fun?
Dating the girl in the valley,
With her beauty, her thoughts and her words,
Pure heart, noble morals?
Abai Kunanbaev gave the answer to the question of what the main joy of life is – love. The poet had ten children from his three wives. Later, Mukhtar Auezov admitted that he would gaze at 60-year-old Aklim, trying to guess the beauty of her face, for whom the poet wrote many amazing verses.
The lyrical songs composed by Abai are true love odes that will be passed down through the ages.
My regards to you, Kalamkas.
The moisture in my eyes makes my vision blurry…
I’m only obsessed with you
The fire in my heart has not been extinguished.
Perfect without modification
Just like pearls and diamonds.
Who can compare with beauty
With the black-browed Kalamka! …
Abai is a philosopher
Abai was a man who strived to find the truth and understand the deep processes of the human soul. He studied the works of great philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle and Socrates, which led him to form a unique worldview.
Abai Kunanbaev believes mentors can change society.
Who poisoned Socrates, burned Joan of Arc, crucified Christ, buried Mohammed in the carcasses of a camel? The crowd. It means the masses have no brains. Try to guide her to the path of truth,” Abai said.
Abai is a supporter of the idea of integrating the best achievements of the East and the West, which allows Kazakh society to maintain its uniqueness while developing in sync with world trends. At the same time, the thinker firmly defends Muslim values: “Allah himself is true, and his words are true,” he said.
One of the central themes of Abai’s works is the criticism of laziness, greed, ignorance and jealousy. He encourages people to constantly strive for self-improvement and self-improvement.
Abai said that a person’s dignity depends on the path he takes to achieve his goals, not on whether he achieves his goals.
“The worst kind of man is the one without ambition,” he repeated.
A man who works only for himself is like a cow with a full stomach. He believed that a man of value would work for humanity.
Abai scholar Asan Omarov said that Abai explained the deep motivations of human nature.
“Abay was a sower who planted the seeds of humanism in people’s hearts. Abay’s philosophy is a treasure trove of wisdom, and its depth and spiritual power are particularly striking. He said that if a person strives for knowledge, he can be called a human being,” said Asan Omarov.
Academician Erlan Alin highly praised Abai Kunanbaev’s “Words of Enlightenment”. The great poet turned to prose, which is a very important phenomenon in Eastern literature
Continuing these general traditions, he actually laid a new format for presenting ethical and philosophical ideas in prose. Erlan Aryn writes that, standing at today’s height and understanding its importance, we can assert that Abai Kunanbaev’s legacy is “the social and moral code of the Kazakh people”, in fact, the moral complex of the people’s way of life.
As President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev noted in his article “Abai – The Spiritual Reformer,” Abai’s teachings remain relevant and topical today.
Abai’s words will never become outdated, they are understandable and universally applicable to everyone on Earth. Kassym-Jomart Tokayev noted that his thoughts and teachings, presented in perfect poetry and prose, still serve as a guide for life today.
Abai Kunanbaev is considered a spiritual mentor of Kazakhstan; his thoughts and works had an immeasurable impact on the development of Kazakh culture, literature and spirituality. His contribution to the development of national identity, moral and ethical standards, and Kazakh language and literature remains of great significance and in demand. Through his work, the people of Kazakhstan have acquired not only a cultural heritage, but also a spiritual code that helps the nation maintain its identity and develop in the context of globalization. Abai remains a living example for everyone who seeks truth, knowledge and spiritual progress.
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