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Bone cancer, also called malignant bone tumor or osteosarcoma, is a disease that develops from bone cells or cartilage.
These cells multiply out of control, forming abnormal masses that can invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. Although it may look scary, It is important to note Bone cancer is relatively rare.
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There are two main types of bone cancer:
- Primary bone cancer Forms directly in the bone: This is a rare cancer that is more common in children and young adults.
- Secondary or metastatic bone cancer : It can spread to bones from cancer elsewhere in the body, e.g. yes or prostateThis is the most common type in adults
What are the different types of bone cancer?
The most common types of primary bone cancer in adults over 30 are:
- OsteosarcomaIt accounts for more than half of cases and usually occurs in the long bones of the arms or legs.
- Chondrosarcoma: It forms in cartilage. This is the second most common type.
- Ewing sarcomamore common in children and adolescents.
There are other rarer types, such as chordoma, fibrosarcoma, angiosarcoma, or sarcoma Undifferentiated polymorphs.
What are the risk factors for bone tumors?
The exact cause of bone cancer is not always known, but certain factors increase your risk of developing the disease:
- age: Some types of bone cancer are more common in younger people, while other types tend to affect adults.
- family history: A family member with Cancer May increase risk.
- Certain genetic diseases: Such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, retinoblastoma, Paget’s disease, or neurofibromatosis.
- Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation.
What are the symptoms of bone cancer?
Symptoms of bone cancer vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. The most common are:
- A pain Ongoing bone loss: This is often the first sign.
- swelling Or a lump may be felt over the affected bone.
- Pathological fractures: It occurs for no apparent reason and is the result of weakened bones.
- tired Unusual and unexplained weight loss.
Mobility in the affected limb may also be limited due to edema.
How are bone tumors diagnosed?
The diagnosis of bone cancer is based on several tests:
- Film degree exam: X-rays, CT scan (CT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the tumor.
- Biopsy: A sample of tissue is removed from the tumor and analyzed under a microscope in a laboratory.
Additionally, anatomic pathology analysis can determine the exact type, aggressiveness, and stage of the cancer.
What are the treatment methods?
Treatment for bone cancer depends on several factors, such as the type, size, and location of the tumor and the patient’s health. The main treatment options are:
- Surgery: Removal of the tumor is usually the first treatment.
- Chemotherapy: Use drugs to kill cancer cells.
- Radiation Therapy: Use radiation to destroy cancer cells.
- Targeted therapy: administrative Targeted drugs Especially cancer cells.
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Prognosis varies depending on the type of cancer. Chondrosarcoma has a good prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 80%. For localized osteosarcoma, the chance of survival is 60% to 80%, but only 15% to 30% in the metastatic stage.
in conclusion
Bone cancer is a rare but serious disease. However, advances in medicine have made it possible to significantly improve the prognosis for patients. If you have symptoms of bone cancer, it is important to Consult a doctor immediately to obtain an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
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