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(Ahmad Mustafa Algar)
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December 16, 1445
June 22, 2024 AD
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Anyone who observes European politics will realize that the rise of the right in the Old Continent is not a sudden fad. Over the past 15 years, the growing influence of right-wing parties has imposed many restrictions on Europe. This will also have an impact on countries around the world.
With the announcement of the results election parliament Europe’s; the far-right parties of the Old Continent did make strong gains, and their momentum did not lead to the collapse of the core base of European politics as many had expected before the vote, but at least the liberals and the Greens lost seats and their importance in the election. parliament The European Union, while some countries’ internal politics have undergone drastic changes. Leading the way is France, where the president announced the dissolution of the French National Assembly (local parliament) and called for… election What are the consequences of the new, rising right? parliament Europe? What challenges might Europe face as a result?
Strong earnings
represent parliament The EU is the legislative and budgetary body of the European Union, which works with the European Council to pass laws based on proposals from the European Commission and approve or reject budgets before recent elections. Europe’s predominantly right-wing extremist parties were in the spotlight as they were expected to create a dramatic boom and make unprecedented gains, but these gains did not actually materialize as the record number of seats that were expected. The far right has dealt a heavy blow to some leaders on the continent, especially in countries where a large number of seats were elected; Millions of Europeans in France, Italy and Germany voted for candidates for the parliaments that represent legislative power in the continent’s 27 member states, and the results showed that the Christian Democrats won 189 seats, 13 more than the Socialists. The Democratic Party won 135 seats, down 4 seats, the pro-Ennahda Business Party won 83 seats, down 19 seats, and the Greens lost 18 seats to 53 seats.
The political journey of large parts of the far right over the decades from outcasts to normal political life demonstrates a structural shift within the European bloc.
The center-right European People’s Party remains the largest party in parliament, followed by the center-left Socialists and Democrats. In addition to these three, the Liberals also managed to take third place, while the Greens were one of the main success stories in the European Parliament. election 2019 – His popularity has fallen sharply as he has grown in strength in several national elections; parties belonging to the broader far right have won a total of 131 of 720 seats, a number that is likely to rise in the future. These parties have achieved clear victories in Italy, Austria and France, and achieved their best result ever in Germany. They performed below expectations in a number of other countries, including Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden and Portugal.
main feature
We can monitor the most salient features of these election results from the following:
● In France; The far-right National Rally party took a big lead in EU parliamentary elections with the main far-right electoral list winning more than a third of the vote, defeating the pro-European centrists led by President Emmanuel Macron, prompting the latter to dissolve the National Assembly (French) and call for action. election Early plans to start the first round of games on June 30 and the second round on July 7.
● Germany has 96 seats parliament Europe; German Chancellor Olaf Scholz acknowledged that the three ruling parties in the center-left government had performed poorly and warned that no one should get used to the presence of far-right parties in Europe, unlike the French president; Scholz rejected calls for action from the far-right Alternative for Germany party election Earlier, because the next national elections are scheduled to take place in Germany next autumn.
● In Italy, the situation did not change much from what was expected, with one side winning "Italian Brothers" The far-right party led by Prime Minister Georgia Meroni won the most votes in the European Parliament elections. The same situation was seen in Hungary, where the nationalist party led by Prime Minister Viktor Orban won the most votes. In the Netherlands, the results confirmed that the far-right anti-immigrant Freedom Party led by Geert Wilders was the biggest winner. election Parliament of the European Union.
● Spain, with the fourth-largest parliamentary presence (61 out of 720 seats); The far right made significant gains amid the emergence of new extremist parties led by social media influencers, while Yolanda Díaz, leader of Spain’s left-wing Somár party, resigned following her party’s poor performance in 2017. election parliament EU and retained his posts as the country’s labor minister and deputy prime minister in a left-wing government.
● In Poland, Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s centrist party won the most votes, beating a right-wing populist party in his first election in a decade, with some forces across Europe praising Tusk’s return to power as a rare example of a democratic victory over populism. Poland’s strategic importance to the European bloc has increased with Russia’s invasion of neighboring Ukraine.
● While Green and left-leaning parties performed well in the Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark and Finland), they generally did not live up to the expectations of their supporters.
Consequences and expectations
The latest results show that Europe is increasingly insecure. The decades-long transition of large sections of the far right from pariah to normal political life points to a structural shift within the European bloc, not an earthquake but the effects of the election. It will be felt across the continent, and most likely parliament The next EU will be more polarised and divided than the past, and the hard-earned compromises that have traditionally resolved political disputes between parliamentary groups will be harder to reach.
The momentum of the European far right reflects a broader trend of growing nationalism across Europe, which often exploits Europeans’ economic and social fears.
If the legislature moves more to the right, the EU’s overall political center could shift to right-wing policies; for example, strengthening the EU’s position on key issues; for example, climate, the war in Ukraine and immigration, the EU’s path is filled with unprecedented security threats, persistent economic concerns, demographic anxieties and broad social divisions. Von der Leyen, who belongs to the European People’s Party, is also expected to retain a second term as President of the European Commission. Von der Leyen needs to be nominated by European leaders and approved by a majority of EU members. parliament The term of office of the president of the European Commission, the powerful body that proposes policy and legislation for the EU, was extended for another five years, but a parliamentary majority will require parts of the far-right camp to be re-elected, sending a strong signal that the EPP is willing to work with forces it considers traditionally unconventional.
Changes and challenges
The effect of the transformation depends on parliament The EU is moving to the right, based on the ability of its parties to unite and reach consensus on a number of key issues and documents, which can be summarized as follows:
● Unity and influence:
The biggest challenge facing the far right is their ability to operate as a solid, unified bloc, with many right-wing parties largely united on some issues, such as opposition to immigration, but sharply divided over the war in Ukraine. France’s Marine Le Pen and Italian Prime Minister Giorgio Meroni say the far right still must overcome huge obstacles if it wants to translate its newfound numerical advantage into the country. parliament For an influential force.
● Immigration:
The far-right’s winning momentum in Europe reflects a broader trend of growing nationalism across Europe, which tends to exploit Europeans’ economic and social fears, and which poses a more negative threat to the fate of immigrants in member states, as right-wing parties use immigration as a direct means of spreading fear in Europe over healthcare and living costs, not to mention the securitization of immigration by presenting it as a security threat.
● Climate policy:
Over the past few years, Europe has been planning to implement the Green New Deal, a set of policies aimed at coordinating EU policies in the areas of climate, energy, transport and taxation to ensure the EU’s transition to net zero carbon emissions by 2050. Although most countries have finalized the policies in recent months, their implementation may be undermined by far-right parties.
● Defense and foreign policy:
He is expected to focus on parliament Next, the impact on security and defense, although its impact on defense is indirect, because national security remains a national prerogative and the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy is an intergovernmental policy, its impact parliament Key will be approval of the EU budget, while defence spending is likely to come under close scrutiny and the new parliament will have limited influence over foreign policy, especially as foreign policy decisions have not yet been finalised. parliament The EU is not binding on member states, but it measures the positions of the parties on important key issues. For example, support for Ukraine in the war against Russia is the main foreign policy issue in Europe, but it is probably the least controversial issue. However, other issues such as trade liberalization measures are more controversial because it directly affects the economies of some European countries.
● Economy:
It is not yet clear what consequences the rise of the far right might have on the EU’s fundamental economic policies, but in general all far-right parties support greater national sovereignty over economic policy decisions, which would lead to differences in priorities across the EU. EU-level work is essential to support each member state’s response in times of economic crisis.
● Enlargement of the European Union:
Until recently, EU enlargement was not a major issue, but in light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, many European countries have come to view the Western Balkans and Eastern Europe as essential to ensuring the security of the EU and its neighbors. The rise of right-wing parties can at best indicate opposition to EU expansion, and according to polls, Hungary has the lowest public support for Ukraine joining the EU. Slovakia, France, and Austria are all countries where far-right parties have a strong presence. In general, EU membership is a process that will take years, and it is unlikely that any candidate country will be ready. Joining the EU will take five years, which is when the next session of the new European Parliament will be held.
The rise of the far right
In the decades after World War II, while right-wing parties existed, they were very marginal and closely associated with fascism and Nazism, but that era quickly became more distant, with Europe facing multiple overlapping crises, including the failure of its immigration system and the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic provided space for these parties to take root, and over time they became normalized in their societies, and anyone who has been paying close attention to European politics will realize that the rise of the right in the Old Continent is not a momentary impulse. The influence of right-wing parties in Europe has been steadily increasing over the past decade and a half, especially since the founding of the Alternative for Germany party in 2013 and the leadership of Marine Le Pen in France at the National Rally (formerly the National Front).
It should also be noted that elections are sometimes a rejection of incumbents, especially when people are suffering from the cost of daily life due to high inflation, especially in countries such as Austria, where sanctions on Russian fuel have also led to rising energy costs. In some European countries, this means that this election is not just about embracing the right, but about voters wanting to punish those who have centrist and left-wing policies that they believe are not in their best interests.
To sum up; the impact this shift to the right might have on the future of the EU and its key policies is still unclear, any changes would inevitably need to be more complex and long-lasting, and therefore a revolution in the workings of the European Parliament is unlikely. Overnight, the main question remains: at a strategic level whether the political right will be able to overcome divisions and exercise its so-called new powers.
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