Peru | State | The Defeated Country, Juan Paredes Castro | Oil painting view

Among all the evils that Peru has generally accumulated, there are two historical overflows that we have not been able to manage so far and, most importantly, have only succeeded in controlling today: political overflow and territorial overflow.

We were born into independent life, with a Constituent Assembly and a new Constitution. Political More can be done. We have taken the first hit state and the first military president: José de la Riva y Aguero.

We were born to live independently, and the Peruvian territory was still mainly occupied and controlled by Spanish troops. We had to wait for two battles, the Battle of Junín and the Battle of Ayacucho, before we could feel the absolute autonomy of our new homeland.

It’s worth taking a quick look back and remembering that, more than two centuries later, we continue to suffer from the same thing: overflow PoliticalWe will always win, with or without democracy. The territorial spillover is also no longer outward, as in previous border disputes, now fortunately over, but inward, as this newspaper warned in an editorial yesterday, in areas that have been virtually liberated by criminal organizations, such as Fram, La Pampa, La Rinconada and now Pataz.

Among the Peruvian traits, there is one dominant feeling: overflowing Political It has always been like this, and any new overflow is insignificant or even meaningless. Another feeling is that since we have such a large territory and such rich resources, we not only cannot develop it well, but may even lose it in incompetent or mafia hands.

Fortunately, we have successfully closed our borders. If we had not, we would have lost more territory today than we did in the 19th and 20th centuries, making us the envy of rich countries that have one twentieth of our physical space.

In the first third of the 21st century, nothing seemed to change our failure syndrome. For example, can we win the battle against the criminal gangs that occupy Flam, La Pampa, La Rinconada and Pataz if we do not first win the battle to strengthen the five systems in crisis: Politicallegislation, finance, justice, elections and police and military?

Not only have all anti-corruption campaigns failed, but the leaders of these campaigns are being prosecuted for corruption today. Who can understand the war for respect of jurisdiction that is taking place today between the Public Prosecutor’s Office and the Ministry of the Interior, when prejudice, power struggles and the breakdown of hierarchies prevail within both departments? How to fight criminal organizations in institutions weakened by the interference of ideological organizations keen on politicizing justice and judicializing politics?

There are more lost battles: unable to change the status quo state As bureaucratic plunder Political For one state As an example of efficient service and the impossibility of preventing 50 political forces from competing to govern the country and legislate from 2026 onwards.